Even though vacuum cleaners come in a variety of shapes and sizes they are all relatively similar in structure. A vacuum is basically built around a motor which is sealed except for a inlet for air to enter into and another for the air to exit. The will always be a filter at the point that air enters and exits the motor cavity. The main reason for this is to prevent dust and debris from entering the motor and also to stop any material from being exhausted into the air.
If you have a bagged type vacuum the bag itself is a very effective type of filter but there will always be another filter sitting just behind the bag to protect the motor on the rare chance that the bag may break. This filter is called a pre motor or disaster filter. One of the biggest benefits of having a bag in the vacuum is that every time you fill it up and replace the bag you have a brand new filter protecting the motor. It is very important to check your pre motor filter regularly if it starts to get a build up of material on it the amount of air flowing into the motor will be slightly restricted.
Now this will probably not result in enough of a difference for you to notice that the suction is reduced but it will cause the motor to run at a higher temperature. This will in turn cause the carbon motor brushes to wear out sooner than they would under normal conditions. By simply cleaning or replacing this filter your vacuum cleaner motor will run cooler and last longer. The ideal way to clean a filter is to use another vacuum to suck the dirt out of the filter, another good way is use an air compressor to blow the dust out. If neither of these options are available I would suggest simply replacing the filter. The cost is far outweighed by the benefit of a vacuum cleaner lasting longer.
Most user manuals will tell you to check the inlet filter every couple of months but it is so easy to do I would encourage you to check it each time you change the bag. A cursory glance can tell you if you need to take it out and give it a good clean or if it is okay to leave in place.
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